1. All would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism and evolution debate.

【句子解析】助動詞were被提前置于主語reason前，可以判定為部分倒裝;此處倒裝的原因是由于虛擬條件句中if被省略而引起的，句子還原就是：If reason were the only judge in the creationism and evolution debate, all would be well .

【譯文賞析】如果理性是創造論和進化論的爭論中的唯一評判標準的話，那么所有的事情就很好辦了。

For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.

【句子解析】句子也出現了虛擬語氣的倒裝：had he grown up under more favorable circumstances，完整的表達是if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances.

【詞匯突破】tell說明，表明

Underprivileged貧困的、物質條件差的

【譯文賞析】例如，測試并不能彌補明顯的社會不公，因此就不能說明一個物質條件很差的人，如果在更加有利的條件下成長，會有多么能干。

2. This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.

【詞匯突破】Justification 證明....正當

Rationalization 證明…合理 Exploitation 剝削

Superiority 優越

Inferiority 劣勢，弱勢

【主干識別】 This seems a justification for neglect and a rationalization

【譯文賞析】：這種說法似乎使我們可以很正當的去忽視那些需要幫助的人，去使剝削合理化，使上層人的變得更優越，而底層人變得更加弱勢。

3. That suggests invention now proceeds mainly by recombining existing technologies and chimes with the idea that inventions were, in some sense, more fundamental in the past than they are today.

【詞匯突破】chime (In) with sth = fit sth; suit sth; 符合某事，適合某事

chime with the idea 與……觀念相一致

【主干識別】That suggests...and chimes with the idea...

【譯文賞析】這表明現在發明的推進主要是靠重組現有的技術，這也和下面的看法一致：從某種意義上講，過去的發明更為根本。

4. “The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of human race,”Stephen Hawking warns. ElonMusk fears that the development of artificial intelligence, or AI, maybe the biggest existential threat humanity faces. Bill Gates urges people to beware of it.

【詞匯突破】spell 導致

existential 人類存在(生存)上的

artificial intelligence 人工智能

beware (of) 關注，認識，小心

【譯文賞析】斯蒂芬霍金警告說：“人工智能的全面發展可能導致人類滅絕。”埃隆·馬斯克擔心人工智能(AI)的發展可能會成為人類生存方面面對的最大的威脅。比爾蓋茨也敦促人們小心人工智能。

5. Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which，in its strongest form，states that language imprisons the mind，and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.

【主干識別】Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism

【其他成分】 which，in its strongest from，states that language imprisons the mind，and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.定語從句

【詞匯突破】a sort of 某種

linguistic determinism語言決定論

in its strongest form其極端說法是

imprison the mind禁錮思維

far-reaching 深遠的; 伸得很遠的

【譯文賞析】Whorf逐漸接受了某種語言決定論;這種觀點的極端說法是：語言禁錮了思想，語言的語法模式可以對某種社會文化產生深遠的影響。

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