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主講人：北京外國語大學(xué)***

一、 Listening Comprehension：

Part 1.News report &Lecture

News reports:

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1and 2 will be based on the following newsitem.

1.A) Christmas-time attacks made by Somali rebels.

B)An explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi.

C)The killing of more than 70Ugandans in Kampala.

D) Blasts setoff by a Somali group in Uganda’s capital.

聽力原文： Kenyan police say one person was killed and 26 injured in an explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi.

2.A)OnChristmasEve. C)Duringasecuritycheck. B)Justbeforemidnight. D)Inthesmallhoursofthemorning.

聽力原文： Some eyewitnesses report that a bag was about to be loaded on board, but it exploded during a security check.

聽力原文：

Kenyan police say one person was killed and 26 injured in an explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi. The blast hit a bus about to set off for the Ugandan capital Kampala. Last July, the Somali group al-Shabab said it was behind the blasts in the Ugandan capital which killed more than 70 people. Will Ross reports from the Kenyan capital.

The explosion happened beside a bus which was about to set off for an overnight journey from Nairobi to the Ugandan capital Kampala. Some eyewitnesses report that a bag was about to be loaded on board, but it exploded during a security check. Windows of the red bus were left smashed, and blood could be seen on the ground beside the vehicle. Just hours earlier, Uganda’s police chief had warned of possible Christmas-time attacks by Somali rebels.

1. What is the news report mainly about?

2. When did the incident occur? Questions 3and 4 will be based on the following newsitem.

3.A) It is likelyto close many ofits stores.

B) It is known forthe quality of its goods. C) It remains competitive in the recession. D) It will expand its online retail business.

聽力原文： Many of its 800 stores are likely to close following the company’s decision to call in administrators after an attempt to sell the business for a token ￡1 failed.

4.A) Expand its business beyond groceries. B) Fire25,000of its current employees. C) Cut its DVD publishing business. D) Sell the business forone pound.

聽力原文： Many of its 800 stores are likely to close following the company’s decision to call in administrators after an attempt to sell the business for a token ￡1 failed.

聽力原文：

Woolworths is one of the best known names on the British High Street. It’s been in business nearly a century. Many of its 800 stores are likely to close following the company’s decision to call in administrators after an attempt to sell the business for a token ￡1 failed.

The company has huge debts. The immediate cause for the collapse has been Britain’s slide toward recession, which has cut into consumer spending. However, the business had been in trouble for years. Known for low-priced general goods, Woolworths has struggled in the face of competition from supermarkets expanding beyond groceries and a new generation of internet retailers. Many of the store group’s 25,000 employees are likely to lose their jobs. Some profitable areas such as the DVD publishing business will survive.

3. What do welearn aboutWoolworths from the news report?

4. What did Woolworths attempt to do recently? Questions 5to 7 will be based on the following news item.

5.A)All taxis began to use meters.

B)All taxis got airconditioning. C)Advertisements wereallowed on taxis. D) Old taxis werereplaced with new cabs.

聽力原文： That’s due in part to the removal of many of the capital’s old-fashioned black and white taxis.

6.A)Alowinterestloanscheme. C)Taxipassengers’complaints. B)Environmentalists’protests. D)Permissionforcaradvertising.

聽力原文： After new legislation demanded their removal from the roads, a low interest loan scheme was set up with three Egyptian banks so drivers could buy new cars.

7.A)Thereareno more irregularpractices. B)All new cabs provide air-conditioning. C) New cabs are all equipped with meters. D) New legislation protects consumerrights.

聽力原文： The idea has proved popular with customers ― they can now travel in air-conditioned comfort and because the new cabs are metered, they don’t have to argue over fares.

聽力原文：

Cairo is known for its overcrowded roads, irregular driving practices and shaky old vehicles, but also for its air pollution. In recent months, though, environmental studies indicate there have been signs of improvement. That’s due in part to the removal of many of the capital’s old-fashioned black and white taxis. Most of these dated back to the 1960s and 70s and were in a poor state of repair.

After new legislation demanded their removal from the roads, a low interest loan scheme was set up with three Egyptian banks so drivers could buy new cars. The government pays about $900 for old ones to be discarded and advertising on the new vehicles helps cover repayments.

The idea has proved popular with customers ― they can now travel in air-conditioned comfort and because the new cabs are metered, they don’t have to argue over fares. Banks and car manufacturers are glad for the extra business in tough economic times. As for the taxi drivers, most are delighted to be behind the wheel of new cars, although there have been a few complaints about switching from black and white to a plain white colour.

5. What change took place in Cairo recently?

6. What helped bring about the change?

7. Why do customers no longer argue with new cab drivers?

參考答案： 1. B 2. C 3.A4.D 5.D 6.A7. C

Lecture：

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear recordings of lectures ortalks followed by some questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Now listen to the following recording and answerquestions 16 to 19.

16.A)They investigate the retirement homes inAmerica.

B)They areon issues facing seniorcitizens inAmerica.

C)Theydescribe the great pleasuresof the golden years.

D)They are filled with fond memories of his grandparents.

聽力原文： Hello Ladies and Gentleman, it gives me great pleasure to introduce our keynote speaker for today’s session, Dr. Howard Miller. Dr. Miller, Professor of Sociology at Washington University, has written numerous articles and books on the issues facing older Americans in our graying society for the past 15 years. Dr. Miller:

17.A)The loss of the ability to take careof himself. B)The feeling of not being important any more. C) Being unable to find agood retirement home. D) Leaving the home he had lived in for60years.

聽力原文： My grandfather spoke of his greatest fear, that of leaving the only home they had known for the past 60 years.

18.A)The loss of identityand self-worth. B) Fearof being replaced ordiscarded. C) Freedomfrompressure and worldly cares. D)The possession of wealth and high respect.

聽力原文： For them and some older Americans, their so-called “golden years” are at times not so pleasant, for this period can mean the decline of not only one’s health but the loss of identity and self-worth.

19.A)The urgency of pension reform. B) Medical careforseniorcitizens. C) Finding meaningful rolesforthe elderly in society. D)The development of public facilities forseniorcitizens.

聽力原文： Now, many of the lectures given at this conference have focused on the issues of pension reform, medical care, and the development of public facilities for senior citizens. And while these are vital issues that must be addressed, I’d like to focus my comments on an important issue that will affect the overall success of the other programs mentioned. This has to do with changing our perspectives on what it means to be a part of this group, and finding meaningful roles the elderly can play and should play in our societies.

Now listen to the following recording and answerquestions 16 to 19.

Moderator:

Hello Ladies and Gentleman, it gives me great pleasure to introduce our keynote speaker for today’s session, Dr. Howard Miller. Dr. Miller, Professor of Sociology at Washington University, has written numerous articles and books on the issues facing older Americans in our graying society for the past 15 years. Dr. Miller:

Dr. Miller:

Thank you for that introduction. Today, I’d like to preface my remarks with a story from my own life which I feel highlights the common concerns that bring us here together. Several years ago when my grandparents were well into their eighties, they were faced with the reality of no longer being able to adequately care for themselves. My grandfather spoke of his greatest fear, that of leaving the only home they had known for the past 60 years. Fighting back the tears, he spoke proudly of the fact that he had built their home from the ground up, and that he had pounded every nail and laid every brick in the process. The prospect of having to sell their home and give up their independence, and move into a retirement home was an extremely painful experience for them. It was, in my grandfather’s own words, like having a limb cut off. He exclaimed in a forceful manner that he felt he wasn’t important anymore.

For them and some older Americans, their so-called “golden years” are at times not so pleasant, for this period can mean the decline of not only one’s health but the loss of identity and self-worth. In many societies, this self-identity is closely related with our social status, occupation, material possessions, or independence. Furthermore, we often live in societies that value what is “new” or in fashion, and our own usage of words in the English language is often a sign of bad news for older Americans. I mean how would your family react if you came home tonight exclaiming, “Hey, come to the living room and see the OLD black and white TV I brought!” Unfortunately, the word “old” calls to mind images of the need to replace or discard.

Now, many of the lectures given at this conference have focused on the issues of pension reform, medical care, and the development of public facilities for senior citizens. And while these are vital issues that must be addressed, I’d like to focus my comments on an important issue that will affect the overall success of the other programs mentioned. This has to do with changing our perspectives on what it means to be a part of this group, and finding meaningful roles the elderly can play and should play in our societies.

First of all, I’d like to talk about . . .

16. What does the introduction say about Dr. Howard Miller’s articles and books?

17. What is the greatest fear of Dr. Miller’s grandfather?

18. What does Dr. Miller say the “golden years” can often mean?

19. What is the focus of Dr. Miller’s speech?

Now listen to the following recording and answerquestions 20 to 22.

20.A) It seriously impacts theirphysical and mental development.

B) It has become a problem affecting global economic growth.

C) It is a common problem found in underdeveloped countries.

D) It is an issue often overlooked by parents in many countries.

聽力原文： It notes that, in recent years, experts have come to the conclusion that undernourishment between conception and a child’s second birthday can have serious and long-lasting impacts.

21.A)Theywilllivelonger. C)Theygetalongwellwithpeople. B)Theygetbetterpay. D)TheydevelopmuchhigherIQs.

聽力原文： And then at adulthood, IFPRI has actually demonstrated that children who were better nourished have higher wages, by a pretty large margin, by 46 percent.”

22.A)Appropriated funds to promote research of nutrient-rich foods. B) Encouraged breastfeedingforthe firstsix months ofa child’slife. C) Recruited volunteers to teachrural people about health and nutrition. D)Targetedhunger-relief programs at pregnant women and young children.

聽力原文： Ruel says in the 1980s Thailand was able to reduce child undernourishment by recruiting a large number of volunteers to travel the countryside teaching about health and nutrition.

Now listen to the following recording and answerquestions 20 to 22.

The 2010 Global Hunger Index report was released today by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). It notes that, in recent years, experts have come to the conclusion that undernourishment between conception and a child’s second birthday can have serious and long-lasting impacts.

Undernourishment during this approximately 1,000-day window can seriously check the growth and development of children and render them more likely to get sick and die than well-fed children. Preventing hunger allows children to develop both physically and mentally.

Says IFPRI’s Marie Ruel, “They will be more likely to perform well in school. They will stay in school longer. And then at adulthood, IFPRI has actually demonstrated that children who were better nourished have higher wages, by a pretty large margin, by 46 percent.”

Ruel says that means the productivity of a nation’s future generations depends in a large part on the first 1,000 days of life.

“This is why we’re all on board in focusing on those thousand days to improve nutrition. After that, the damage is done and is highly irreversible.”

The data on nutrition and childhood development has been slowly coming together for decades. But Ruel says scientific consensus alone will not solve the problem.

“It’s not enough that nutritionists know you have to intervene then, if we don’t have the politicians on board, and also the...people that implement [programs] in the field.”

Ruel says there are encouraging signs that politicians and implementers are beginning to get on board. Many major donors and the United Nations are targeting hunger-relief programs at pregnant women and young children. They focus on improving diets or providing micro-food supplements. They improve access to pre-birth care and encourage exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of a child’s life.

Ruel says in the 1980s Thailand was able to reduce child undernourishment by recruiting a large number of volunteers to travel the countryside teaching about health and nutrition.

“They really did very active promotion of diversity in the diet and good eating habits. So they were providing more food to people, but also educating people on how to use them, and also educating people on how to feed their young children.”

Ruel says countries may take different approaches to reducing child undernutrition. But she says nations will not make progress fighting hunger and poverty until they begin to focus on those critical first thousand days.

20. What is the experts’conclusionregarding children’s undernourishment in their earliest daysof life?

21. What does IFPRI’s Marie Ruel say about well-fed children in their adult life?

22. What did Thailand do to reduce child undernourishment in the 1980s?

Now listen to the following recording and answerquestions 23 to 25.

23.A)The guaranteed quality of its goods.

B)The huge volume of its annual sales.

C)The serviceit provides to its customers.

D)The high value-to-weight ratioof its goods.

聽力原文： I’d like to look at a vital aspect of e-commerce, and that is the nature of the product or service.

24.A)Those having ataste orsmell component. B) Products potentially embarrassing to buy. C)Those that require verycareful handling. D) Services involving apersonal element.

聽力原文： Products which are usually considered unsuitable for selling online include those that have a taste or smell component.

25.A)Those who live in the virtual world. B)Those who have to work long hours. C)Those who are used to online transactions.

D)Those who don’t mind paying a little more.聽力原文 : Typical users of online supermarkets include the elderly, people who work long hours and those without their own transport. Now listen to the following recording and answerquestions 23 to 25.

I’d like to look at a vital aspect of e-commerce, and that is the nature of the product or service. There are certain products and services that are very suitable for selling online, and others that simply don’t work.

Suitable products generally have a high value-to-weight ratio. Items such as CDs and DVDs are obvious examples. Books, although heavier and so more expensive to post, still have a high enough value-to-weight ratio, as the success of Amazon, which started off selling only books, shows. Laptop computers are another good product for selling online.

Digital products, such as software, films and music, can be sold in a purely virtual environment. The goods are paid for by online transactions, and then downloaded onto the buyer’s computer. There are no postage or delivery costs, so prices can be kept low.

Many successful virtual companies provide digital services, such as financial transactions, in the case of Paypal, or means of communication, as Skype does. The key to success here is providing an easy-to-use, reliable service. Do this and you can easily become the market leader, as Skype has proved.

Products which are potentially embarrassing to buy also do well in the virtual environment. Some of the most profitable e-commerce companies are those selling sex-related products or services. For a similar reason, online gambling is highly popular.

Products which are usually considered unsuitable for selling online include those that have a taste or smell component. Food, especially fresh food, falls into this category, along with perfume. Clothes and other items that need to be tried on such as diamond rings and gold necklaces are generally not suited to virtual retailing, and, of course, items with a low value-to-weight ratio.

There are exceptions, though. Online grocery shopping has really taken off, with most major supermarkets offering the service. The inconvenience of not being able to see the food you are buying is outweighed by the time saved and convenience of having the goods delivered. Typical users of online supermarkets include the elderly, people who work long hours and those without their own transport.

23 What is important to the success of an online store?

24. What products are unsuitable for selling online?

25. Who are more likely to buy groceries online?

參考答案： 16.B17. D 18.A19. C20.A21.B 22.C23.D 24.A25. B

 

 

M: Hi, Ann, welcome back. How’s your trip to the states?

W: Very busy, [19]I had a lot of meetings. …

19. Why did the woman go to New York?

二、留意對(duì)話中的一問一答【預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)】

[A]Datacollection. [B]Trainingconsultancy.

[C]Corporatemanagement. [D]Informationprocessing.

【邊聽邊選】

W: What’s your line of business, Mr. Johnson?

6　　M: We are a training consultancy.

25. What is the man’s line of business?

Part 3. Passages

【預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)】

29.A)Michael’sparentsgotdivorced. B)KarenwasadoptedbyRayAnderson. C)Karen’smotherdiedinacaraccident. D)Atruckdriverlosthislifeinacollision.

【邊聽邊選】

The impact of the collision killed Karen’s mother instantly, but she was left trapped in the burning car.

【預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)】

A)Atalocalclub. C)Atthesportscenter B)AtJoe’shouse. D)Atthebearingschool.

【邊聽邊選】

Joe is a day student, but I am a boarding student. We haven’t been in same classes, sports or extra-curricular activities. Nonetheless, I spend nearly every weekend at his house and we talk on the phone every night.

【預(yù)覽選項(xiàng)】

A) Kevin is nine years old B) Kevin is handsome C) Kevin is single D) Kevin is lack of efficiency

二. Writing：內(nèi)容;結(jié)構(gòu);語言;內(nèi)容預(yù)測(cè)：結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)習(xí)：兩種形式的文章：圖畫作文和提綱作文兩種結(jié)構(gòu)的文章：正反觀點(diǎn)對(duì)立型和社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)型文章;圖畫作文 :

第一段：

第一句：簡(jiǎn)單描述圖畫; As is shown above，中心人物 +動(dòng)作 .第二句：圖畫造成影響;

There has been a heated discussion about this picture on the WeChat, the most influential social media in China.

第三句：指出圖畫寓意;

1. The picture shows usthat….

2. Simple andfunny as this picture is, thesymbolic meaningbehindit is as deepas ocean.

第二段：

第一種寫法：第一句：介紹主題背景

1.Recently the issue of (whether …or not) has beenin the limelight(成為引人注目的中心) and has aroused

wide concernin the public.近來， _______的問題已經(jīng)非常明確而且引起了社會(huì)的廣泛關(guān)注。 2.Alongwiththeadvanceofthesocietymoreandmoreproblemsarebroughttoourattention,oneofwhichis....隨著社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)了越來越多的問題，其中之一便是 ____________。

3. Recently,theissue of ...... has beenbrought into publicfocus.近來， _______的問題引起了社會(huì)的廣泛關(guān)注。第二句：分析利弊

On the onehand,… On the other hand … 7

第二種寫法：第一句：介紹各方觀點(diǎn)

1. There is no consensus of opinions among people as to … some people tend to have a favorable attitude toward…While, others have anunpleasant associationwith…

2. Most of us，however，have formed a different picture of…some people think they are beneficial, while others holdthe opposite view.

第二句：進(jìn)一步介紹

1.And we rarely reach anabsolute consensuson such a controversial issue.

對(duì)于這種極具爭(zhēng)議的話題，我們很難作出絕對(duì)的回答。

2. People from different backgroundswould put different interpretations on thesame case.

不同行業(yè)的人對(duì)同一種問題的解釋不盡相同。

harborthe idea that, take the attitude that, hold theview that,認(rèn)為

第三段：

給出自己看法：

1. Perhaps thereis anelement of truth in boththese pictures. 2.As far as I amconcerned, I am inclinedto be onthe side of theformer view.

在我看來，我較同意前一種觀點(diǎn)。

3.After a thorough consideration,for mypart, I am in favor ofthe former view.

經(jīng)過深思熟慮，我較支持前一種看法再次提醒關(guān)注公共微信號(hào)：***考研英語 kkenglish關(guān)注每日一句;四. Reading in depth Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the correspondingletter onAnswer Sheet 2.

Universities Branch Out

A) As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful forcefor global integration, mutual understandingandgeopolitical stability.

B) In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative (合作的 ) research programs to advance science forthe benefit of all humanity.

C) Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at America’s best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the top research universities received their graduate education abroad.

D) Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,200 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in summer internships (實(shí)習(xí) ) abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunity—and providing the financial resourcesto make it possible.

E) Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai’s Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculty, postdoctors and graduate students visit regularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xu’s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team.

F) As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and the integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure (基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 ) and applications software of the 1990s. The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard.Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set upshop around the university.

G) For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research-university model. Most politicians recognize the link between investment in science and national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003, but has risen more slowly than inflation since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDPgrowth, whichis on the orderof inflation plus 3 percent per year.

H) American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American university and business leaders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline,but the United States is still seen bymany as unwelcoming to international students.

I) Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nation’s well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States and—like immigrants throughout history—strengthen the nation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished (珍視 ) values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability as welcoming international university students.

注意 :此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡 2上作答。

46. American universities prepare their undergraduates for global careers by giving them chances for international study orinternship.

47. Since the mid-1970s,the enrollment of overseas students hasincreased at anannual rate of 3.9percent.

48. The enrollment of international students will have a positive impact on America rather than threaten its competitiveness.

49. The wayresearch is carried out in universities haschanged asa result of globalization.

50. Of the newly hired professors in science and engineering in the United States, twenty percent come from foreign countries.

51. The number of foreign students applying to U.S. universities decreased sharply after September 11 due to changes in the visa process.

52. The U.S. federal funding for research has beenunsteady for years.

53. Around the world, governments encourage the model of linking university-based science and industrial application.

54. Present-day universities have become apowerful force for global integration.

55. When foreign students leaveAmerica, they will bringAmerican values backto their home countries.

解題要訣：主題;定位;句子理解;

主題的強(qiáng)大：

Eg1.主題句：

We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defensesof lower animals too.

One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance.

題目： 1. The passage tells us that the most probable reason for the death of the mice in Ader’s experiment was that ________.

A) theyhad been weakened psychologically by the saccharin

B) thesweetener was poisonous to them

C) their immunesystems hadbeenaltered bythe mind

D) theyhad taken toomuch sweetenerduringearlier conditioning

2. It canbe concludedfrom the passage that the immune systems of animals ________. A)canbeweakenedbymind B)canbesuppressedbydruginjections C) canbe affectedby frequentdosesof saccharin D) canbe altered byelectric shocks Eg2.主題詞： weakdollar

52. Why doAmericans feel humiliated?

A.Their economy is plunging

B.Their currencyhas slumped

C.They can't afford trips to Europe

D. They have lost half of their assets. 53.How doesthe currentdollar affect thelife of ordinaryAmericans?

A.They have to cancel their vacations in NewYork.

B.They findit unaffordableto dine in mom-and-pop restaurants.

C.They have to spendmore money when buying imported goods.

D.They might losetheir jobsdue to potential economic problems. 10

54. Howdo many Europeansfeel about the U.S with the devalued dollar?

A.They feelcontemptuous of it.

B.They aresympathetic with it.

C.They regard it asa superpoweronthe decline.

D.They thinkof it asa good tourist destination.

55. whatis the author's advice toAmericans?

A.They treat the dollar with a little respect

B.They try to win in the weak-dollar gamble

C.They vacation at home rather than abroad

D.They treasuretheir marriages all themore特別提示：對(duì)于句子結(jié)構(gòu)的把握，找出句子主干主謂隔離：句子開頭的第一個(gè)獨(dú)立名詞(前面沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞和介詞)，為句子主語應(yīng)該和其匹配的動(dòng)詞在一起。

1.But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as theydid with it is in itself ahuge victory.

2. The fact that artisans, who were looked on as mechanics or skilled workers in the eighteenth century, are

frequently considered artists today is directly attributable to the Arts and Crafts Movement of the nineteenth century.

長(zhǎng)難句更多解析參見***老師編著《考研英語長(zhǎng)難句解密》

更多時(shí)文可參見***老師編著《考研英語閱讀同源外刊時(shí)文精析》

見空間： 576728297

Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.Youshould write your answer onAnswer Sheet 2.

剪紙 (paper cutting)是中國最為流行的傳統(tǒng)民間藝術(shù)形式之一。中國剪紙有一千五百多年的歷史 ,在明朝和清朝時(shí)期 (the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特別流行。人們常用剪紙美化居家環(huán)境。特別是在春節(jié)和婚慶期間 ,剪紙被用來裝飾門窗和房間 ,以增加喜慶的氣氛。剪紙最常用的顏色是紅色 ,象征健康和興旺。中國剪紙?jiān)谑澜绺鞯睾苁軞g迎 ,經(jīng)常被用作饋贈(zèng)外國友人的禮物。

Part IVTranslation

Paper cutting is one of China’s most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world andit is oftengiven as a present to foreign friends.

2016年 12月翻譯中一定會(huì)用到的表達(dá)：

1. Sth gradually developeda style which featured …某物形成了以 …為特色的風(fēng)格; 2.Sth canbeclassified into several categories:…

某物可以被分為以下幾類;

3.Industrious Chinese laboring people

勤勞的中國人民

4.China hasmade great headwayin narrowing thegap among different social classes.

中國在縮小不同社會(huì)階層間的差距方面也在努力。

5.The core of “harmonious society” is“human-centered,” which means the improvement of people’s livelihood.

和諧社會(huì)的核心是以人為本，這就意味著要促民生。

6. We not only aspire to build China into a prosperous, strong and modern socialist country, but also into a democratic, culturally advancedandharmonious one.

我們不只是希望把中國建設(shè)為現(xiàn)代，繁榮和富強(qiáng)的社會(huì)主義國家，而且使中國成為文化先進(jìn)的，民主的和和諧的國家。

7. During the long course of history, the Chinese people have, working with diligence, bravery and wisdom, created abeautiful homeland where all ethnic groups live in harmony,anddeveloped agreat anddynamic culture

在漫長(zhǎng)的歷史進(jìn)程中，中國人民依靠自己的勤勞、勇敢、智慧，開創(chuàng)了民族和睦共處的美好家園，培育了歷久彌新的優(yōu)秀文化。

8. Chinese nationhasmade anindelible contributionto the progress of human civilization.

中華民族為人類的文明進(jìn)步作出了不可磨滅的貢獻(xiàn)。

9. sth hasbecome one ofthe most popular … …成為了最受歡迎的 …之一 Sth hasbeenregardedasoneof … …被認(rèn)為是 …之一

10. Wecan see…, enjoy…and learn of the legend andanecdotes about…我們能看到 …享受到 …而且了解到關(guān)于 …的傳奇和軼事。

11. sth is acombination of …,dating backto…某物是 …的結(jié)合，其起源可以追溯到 …

12. There are some branches of sth ,of whichAis oneofthe most famous. Sth有好些分支，其中 A是最有名的。

13. Sth， with a history of… years and a number of …branches/ styles , is an important part of Chinese

traditional culture. …已有 ..年的歷史，有好多分支 /風(fēng)格，是中國傳統(tǒng)文化的重要組成部分。

14. High speed railroad is introduced in 2004. With the generous funding from the government, it is rapidly

expanding. 2004年，高鐵被引入;政府大力支持，發(fā)展很快。

15. sth is familiar to everyone, about which however people’s opinions differ.大家都很熟悉 …,但是對(duì)于 …仁者見仁。

16. Honor the aged of other family as we honor our own; Care for the children of other family as we care for our own.

老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼。

17. Respecting the aged and loving the young，a the traditional Chinese virtue, has been regarded as the social responsibility andbehavior normfor thousands years.

千百年來，尊老愛幼這一中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美德，被當(dāng)做是社會(huì)責(zé)任和行為規(guī)范。

Filial Piety,a Chinesetraditional virtue, is central to Confucianrole ethics.

孝道是中國的傳統(tǒng)美德，被認(rèn)為是儒家角色倫理的核心。

18. Learningwithout thinking leads to confusion; thinkingwithout learningendsin danger.

學(xué)而不思則罔，思而不學(xué)則殆。

19. Chinese characters evolve from pictures andsigns. The style of the calligrapherssymbolize their age.

漢字由圖畫和符號(hào)演變而來。書法家的風(fēng)格代表了他們的時(shí)代。

20. China is thebirthplace of ...中國是 …的故鄉(xiāng)名人，民族，食物，名勝，節(jié)日，中醫(yī)，戲劇，書法，美德

附錄： 2016年 12月四六級(jí)作文中一定能用到的句子：

1.生活時(shí)間角度

( 1) We have been always considering sth (recreational activities) as something to relax ourselves or something that can add color to the dull routineof everyday life.

我們一直認(rèn)為娛樂活動(dòng)可以讓我們放松，可以為我們每天枯燥的生活增添一些色彩。

(2)Sthwillmakeourlifemoreenjoyable,thatistosay,sthcanaddcolortothedullroutineofeverydaylife. Sth可以使我們的生活更加有樂趣，也就是說， sth為我們每天枯燥的生活增添了一些色彩。

(3)For the majority of people, (reading or learning a new skill)/(reading news from the weibo or learning moments of their friends on the Wechat) has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment in this modernsociety.

對(duì)大多數(shù)人來講， (閱讀或?qū)W習(xí)一項(xiàng)新技術(shù) )(從微信里面了解朋友圈動(dòng)態(tài) )已成為他們生活的中心和快樂的來源

(4)Furthermore, students visiting their own home frequently would have more accesses and opportunities to communicate with their parents, whichhave beneficial impact ondevelopment of their personal character.

而且，學(xué)生常回家有更多機(jī)會(huì)和父母交流，這對(duì)他們個(gè)性的培養(yǎng)是有利的。

(5)Sth, byoccupying spare time so constructively,makes a personcontented, with no time for boredom. Sth很有建設(shè)意義地占據(jù)了人們的空余時(shí)間，使得人們很滿足，進(jìn)而沒有時(shí)間來覺得無聊。

( 6) Sth does not occupy students’ too much time. In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time ontheir study.As an oldsaying goes:All work andnoplay makes Jack adull boy.

Sth不會(huì)占據(jù)學(xué)生太多的時(shí)間 .實(shí)際上讓他們把所有的時(shí)間都花在學(xué)習(xí)上也是不健康的，就如一句俗話所說：勞逸結(jié)合。

( 7) What’ s more, online shopping can save us a great deal of time on the way between home and the department stores, sowe would be able to concentrate more time andenergy on ourmeaningful work.

而且，在線購物能節(jié)省大量往返于家的商店路上的時(shí)間，這會(huì)使我們有更多的時(shí)間和精力放在有意義的工作上。

2.知識(shí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)角度

(1)Little by little, our knowledge will be wellenriched,andour horizons will begreatly broadened.逐漸的，我們的知識(shí)會(huì)得到增加，我們的視野將會(huì)大大的拓寬。

(2)For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an oldsaying goes: it is never too late to learn.

對(duì)于那些想過上健康而有意義的生活的人們來說，找時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)一些新知識(shí)是很重要的，正如那句老話：活到老，學(xué)到老

(3)The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonalskills, whichmay put themin a favorable position in the future jobmarkets.

大部分學(xué)生相信業(yè)余工作會(huì)使他們有更多機(jī)會(huì)發(fā)展人際交往能力，而這對(duì)他們未來找工作是非常有好處的。

(4)Additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, many maintain, youngsters are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future jobmarkets.

額外的教育活動(dòng)有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，通過學(xué)習(xí)，年輕人可以獲得很多實(shí)踐技能和有用的知識(shí)，這些對(duì)他們就業(yè)是大有好處的。

( 5) By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience,experience they will never beable to get fromthe textbooks.

通過做一份和專業(yè)相關(guān)的工作，學(xué)生不僅能夠提高他們的專業(yè)能力，而且能獲得從課本上得不到的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

( 6) Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancingtheir jobopportunities or promotion opportunities.

現(xiàn)在越來越多的人開始相信學(xué)習(xí)新的技術(shù)和知識(shí)能直接幫助他們獲得工作就會(huì)或提升的機(jī)會(huì)。

( 7) In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children.

Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when childrenhave spent the wholeday ina boring classroom.

首先，額外的學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)孩子們的身體發(fā)育是不利的。教育專家指出，孩子們?cè)诳菰锏慕淌依锎袅艘徽旌螅瑥氖乱恍w育活動(dòng)，而不是額外的學(xué)習(xí)，是非常重要的。

3.環(huán)境健康角度

(1)Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that some certain sports contribute directly to our health bygiving us some physical exercises.

現(xiàn)在越來越多的人開始相信體育鍛煉能有助于身體健康。

( 2)As a matter of fact, travel has become part of our life. This situation is encouraging, for it not only broadens people's minds to the extend which may not be reached previously, but also relaxes them physically, which helppeople conquermental problems more actively.

實(shí)際上，旅行已經(jīng)成為我們生活的一個(gè)部分，這樣的情形是喜人的，因?yàn)槁眯胁粌H可以拓寬人們的視野達(dá)到之前沒有達(dá)到的范圍，而且還可以在身體上得到放松，這能使人們更加積極的克服心理問題。

(3)Pollution posesa great threat to ourexistence.污染對(duì)我們的生存造成巨大威脅。

Some of the…are poisonous anddangerous to health.

( 4) Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could directlythreaten the quality of ourlives.

環(huán)境學(xué)家指出：持續(xù)增加的污染不僅會(huì)導(dǎo)致像全球變暖這樣嚴(yán)重的問題，而且還將威脅到我們的生活質(zhì)量。

(5)…Underconsiderablepressure from… therefore…will only add to their burden.在這樣的壓力之下，所以會(huì)增加他們的負(fù)擔(dān)。

(6)I see three kinds of pressure working on people today: pressure from education, family and career. It is easy to blame the school for charging too much money, the family members for the heavy burden, the society for the fierce competition. I think people should relax. It is important for them to keep a good mood under whatever circumstances.

我能看到今天人們身上的三種壓力，教育的壓力，家庭和職業(yè)的壓力。學(xué)校所收學(xué)費(fèi)太貴，家庭成員負(fù)擔(dān)過重，來自社會(huì)的激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。我認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)該放松，他們來說，在任何環(huán)境下保持一個(gè)好的情緒是很重要的。

(7)Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers due to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills. They may become more solitary and even sufferfrom certain mental illness.

而且，由于要額外地學(xué)習(xí)，孩子們沒有多少時(shí)間和同齡的孩子玩耍和交流，很難培養(yǎng)他們的個(gè)性和交際能力。他們可能變得孤僻甚至產(chǎn)生某些心理疾病。

4.合作角度

( 1) sth can give students team-spirit and teach them how to cooperate with others. Because in those activities, studentsusually needto cooperate with othersin order to get good achievement.

Sth可以賦予學(xué)生們團(tuán)隊(duì)精神，并教會(huì)他們學(xué)會(huì)與人合作。因?yàn)樵谶@些活動(dòng)中，學(xué)生通常需要相互合作目的是得到提高。

5.科技發(fā)展環(huán)境角度

(1)In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer and healthier than inthe past.

在過去的幾十年，先進(jìn)的醫(yī)療技術(shù)已經(jīng)使得人們比過去活的時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)成為可能。

(2)Admittedly, this limit has made it possible for the public to realize the importance of environmental protection andenablewe Chinese peopleto cherish thebeautyof our communities.

可以承認(rèn)，這一限制已經(jīng)使得公眾認(rèn)識(shí)到環(huán)境保護(hù)的重要性，并且使得我們中國人去珍惜我們美麗的社區(qū)。

(3)Although many people claim that, along with the rapid economic development, the number of people who use bicycle is decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information I’ve collected over the recent years leads me tobelieve that bicycle will continueto playextremely importantroles in modernsociety.

雖然很多人承認(rèn)，隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，使用自行車的人數(shù)正在下降，自行車一定會(huì)消失。根據(jù)我最近幾年所收集到的信息使我相信自行車會(huì)在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中扮演一個(gè)非常重要的角色。

6.成長(zhǎng)成功

(1)Most people are under the illusion that a college degree guarantees success. There is no such guarantee without hardwork.

許多人錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為大學(xué)學(xué)位能保證成功。不努力工作就沒有這樣的保證。

( 2)While the inclination to procrastinate is common, one must fully consider the detrimental impact of unnecessary delays.

雖然拖延的傾向是普遍的，但是人們應(yīng)該充分考慮到不必要的延誤造成的有害影響。

(3)The tendency to take things for granted is understandable, butthe need for one to rationally evaluate the circumstances of anysituation is absolutely essential.

想當(dāng)然的傾向是可以理解的，但是，理智地估計(jì)任何情形的情況是完全必需的。

(4)From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that, although the parents' desire to lookafter children bythemselves is understandable, its disadvantages far outweigh the advantages.

通過以上討論，我們可以得出如下結(jié)論：盡管家長(zhǎng)想親自照看孩子的愿望是可以理解的，但是這樣做的缺點(diǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

(5) From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldn't be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force childrento take extra studies after school.

通過以上討論，我們可以得出結(jié)論：盡管額外學(xué)習(xí)的確有很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但它的缺點(diǎn)不可忽視，且遠(yuǎn)大于它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。因此，放學(xué)后強(qiáng)迫孩子額外學(xué)習(xí)是不明智的。(結(jié)論句式)

(6)While achieving success is easier said than done, perseverance does in fact pay off. One of the most important traits of a successful person is self-confidence,another is desire, andstill anotheris determination.

獲得成功說起來比做起來容易，然而堅(jiān)持不懈確實(shí)會(huì)有好結(jié)果。成功人士的最重要的特征之一是自信，第二是渴望，還有一個(gè)是決心。

(7)Independence offersmany advantages, thefirst and foremost ofwhich is self-determination.獨(dú)立帶來很多好處，首先也是最重要的是自決

( 8) There has been undesirable trend in recent years towards the worship of money . A recent survey showed that X percent of respondents ranked getting rich as their top priority , compared to X percent only a few years ago .Why dopeoplefail to realize that wealth does notnecessarily bringhappiness?

近年來出現(xiàn)了對(duì)社會(huì)有害的拜金主義傾向。最近的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查表明， X%的調(diào)查對(duì)象把致富作為他們的首選，相比之下，就在幾年前，只有 X%的人這樣想。為什么人們沒能意識(shí)到財(cái)富不一定帶來幸福呢 ?

( 9) Most people are of the opinion that wealth provides solutions to all problems. But in spite of the material benefits wealth provides , I believe one should abandon the pursuit of materialism and instead concentrate on thepursuit of happiness.

大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為財(cái)富為所有問題提供解決的辦法。但是，我認(rèn)為，盡管財(cái)富提供物質(zhì)上的利益，一個(gè)人應(yīng)該放棄物質(zhì)至上的追求，而是集中精力追求幸福。

7.社會(huì)宏觀

( 1) We needs to reexamine the results of technology development in order to ascertain the benefits and indeed(表示加強(qiáng)含義) the detrimental aspects from a new perspective. Otherwise, various perceived accomplishments might infact prove to befar from beneficial .

我們需要重新檢查科技發(fā)展帶來的結(jié)果以便從新的角度明確它們的好處，甚至是有害的方面。否則，許多我們以為取得的成就實(shí)際上可能完全不會(huì)帶來好處。

(2)We must avoid overindulgence and conspicuous consumption . We must instead continue to recognize the benefits of thrift inorder to protectour newfoundprosperity.

我們必須避免過分放縱和鋪張浪費(fèi)。相反，我們應(yīng)該繼續(xù)發(fā)揚(yáng)節(jié)儉的優(yōu)點(diǎn)以守護(hù)我們新獲得的繁榮。

(3)Many of the explanations offered thus far are at least to a certain extent valid, butnone fully address the problem andthe issue must be examined in a wider context.

目前提供的許多解釋至少在一定程度上是正確的，但是，沒有一個(gè)解釋能完全處理問題，這件事情必須放在更廣闊的背景中考慮。

( 4) There is little doubt that immediate action is required to eliminate the detrimental aspects of environmental pollutiononce andforever.

毫無疑問，必須立即采取行動(dòng)徹底消除環(huán)境污染的危害

(5)Some months ago , a friend of mine was killed in a tragic automobile accident involving a drunkdriver . The incident was far from rare , andwas in fact typical of thousands of casesinvolving drunkdriving

幾個(gè)月前，我的一個(gè)朋友死于一場(chǎng)與酒后駕車有關(guān)的悲慘車禍。這件事情一點(diǎn)兒也不罕見，事實(shí)上是數(shù)以千計(jì)的酒后駕車案例的典型之一。

(6)It is high time we put anend to thedeplorable practiceof foodcontamination .我們?cè)缭摱沤^食品污染這種應(yīng)遭譴責(zé)的做法。

(7)The most striking conclusion that can be reached when weighing the advantages and disadvantages of the new technology,such assmart phone andthe like is quite frankly prosperity.

很坦率地說，在權(quán)衡新技術(shù)(比如智能手機(jī))時(shí)候，能得出的最顯著的結(jié)論是繁榮。

( 8) The ample evidence presented enables us to reasonably conclude that the scourge of haze will be brought undercontrol in the foreseeable future.

提出的充分證據(jù)使我們能夠合理地得出這樣的結(jié)論：霧霾的禍害在可預(yù)見的將來就能得到控制。

(9)Today,alarge amount of tradition hasgradually disappeared,for instance stamp collecting.現(xiàn)在，許多傳統(tǒng)的愛好在逐步消失，例如集郵。 2016年 12月巨獻(xiàn)之 20個(gè)與個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)相關(guān)的頂級(jí)表達(dá)：

1.the challenging anddemanding experience充滿挑戰(zhàn)和要求極高的經(jīng)歷

2.senseof fulfillment滿足感

3.Self-evident不言自明

4.in compliance with遵守

5.…have the potential to boost …有潛能提升 …

6.merits and downsides利弊

7.invigorated and refreshed精力充沛，神清氣爽

8.prudent慎重

9.wreak havocon對(duì)…造成損失

10.apart from…除開

11.unwavering support堅(jiān)定不移的支持 12. be conducive andinstrumental to …對(duì)…有好處

13.justifiable合理

14.adesirable trait優(yōu)點(diǎn) 15. adversity andhardship逆境和苦難

16. strive for為了 …努力

17.Aspire to dosth努力做 … 18. attainment成就

19. perseveranceand persistence堅(jiān)持 

行動(dòng)能讓我們潛在的愿望變成現(xiàn)實(shí);

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